Glossary

Definition: Amino acids are organic compounds that combine to form proteins. They play vital roles in muscle repair, enzyme production, immune function, and energy metabolism.

Pronunciation: uh-MEE-no acids

Quick Example: “BCAA supplements provide specific amino acids to support recovery and reduce soreness after workouts.”

Definition: Antioxidants are compounds that neutralize free radicals — unstable molecules that can damage cells and contribute to aging and disease. Common antioxidants include vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene.

Pronunciation: an-tee-OKS-ih-dents

Quick Example: “Many superfoods and supplements are prized for their antioxidant content.”

Definition: Astaxanthin is a reddish pigment and antioxidant that supports skin, eye, and heart health by protecting against oxidative stress.

Pronunciation: as-ta-ZAN-thin

Quick Example: “Astaxanthin supplements are often taken for UV protection and healthy aging.”

Definition: CoQ10 supports mitochondrial energy production and acts as an antioxidant, helping protect cells from oxidative damage and promoting heart health.

Pronunciation: co-en-zime cue ten

Quick Example: “CoQ10 levels naturally decline with age, making supplementation important for older adults.”

Definition: Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body. It provides structure and elasticity to skin, supports joint and bone strength, and is often supplemented for aging support or physical performance recovery.

Pronunciation: KAH-luh-jen

Quick Example: “Hydrolyzed collagen supplements are more easily absorbed and often used for joint and skin health.”

Definition: The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA) defines dietary supplements and sets guidelines for labeling, marketing, and manufacturing in the United States.

Pronunciation: dee-shay

Quick Example: “DSHEA established the modern legal framework for dietary supplements in the U.S.”

Definition: Electrolytes are minerals such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium that maintain fluid balance, support muscle function, and help transmit nerve signals.

Pronunciation: ee-LEK-troh-lights

Quick Example: “Athletes often use electrolyte drinks to restore minerals lost through sweating.”

Definition: The FDA is a government agency that oversees the safety and labeling of food, pharmaceutical drugs, and dietary supplements. While it does not approve supplements, it can enforce actions against unsafe or misbranded products.

Quick Example: “Supplement labels must follow FDA rules regarding structure-function claims.”

Definition: The FTC protects consumers by regulating advertising and marketing. In the supplement industry, it ensures that claims made in ads and promotions are truthful, not misleading, and substantiated by evidence.

Quick Example: “The FTC can penalize companies for exaggerated supplement claims not backed by research.”

Definition: Omega-3s are polyunsaturated fats found in fatty fish (EPA/DHA) and plant sources (ALA). They help reduce inflammation, support brain function, promote cardiovascular health, and are crucial for overall wellness.

Quick Example: “Fish oil supplements are rich in EPA and DHA, key forms of omega-3s.”

Definition: Oscillococcinum is a homeopathic preparation used to help reduce the severity and duration of flu-like symptoms when taken at symptom onset.

Pronunciation: ah-sill-oh-COX-ih-num

Quick Example: “Oscillococcinum is popular during cold and flu season for natural immune support.”

Definition: Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when consumed in adequate amounts, help balance the gut microbiome, improve digestion, reduce bloating, and may strengthen immune defenses.

Quick Example: “Probiotics like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are commonly found in fermented foods and supplements.”

Definition: Turmeric is a bright yellow spice derived from the Curcuma longa root. It contains curcumin, a compound studied for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and joint-supportive effects.

Quick Example: “Turmeric supplements often include black pepper to enhance curcumin absorption.”

Definition: Zeaxanthin is a carotenoid antioxidant that protects the eyes from harmful blue light and oxidative damage, supporting long-term vision health.

Pronunciation: zee-ah-ZAN-thin

Quick Example: “Zeaxanthin is often paired with lutein in eye health supplements.”